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These materials were originally deposited as soft sediments being laid down as beds under water by a variety of chemical, biological and physical processes. Over millions of years the sediments were buried, compressed and became cemented by precipitation from mineral rich waters contained therein. The resulting rocks are found in beds of various thicknesses that posse natural jointing systems. Generally the majority of limestone's are composed of calcium carbonate. Dolomitic limestones are chemically magnesium carbonate. The fossils and other sedimentary structures which these rocks contain provide a key to the environment under which they were formed. For the stone industry those limestones which have a porosity of less than 5% and take a full polish are termed hard limestones. Examples of these are:- Travertine and Roman Stone. Many stones termed marble are in fact hard limestones. Masoning characteristics, tradition and the fact that these stones take a high polish are reasons why some are called "marbles" when in fact they are hard limestones.
Limestones are used extensively in both new building and restoration where their ease of working facilitates the production of cladding, ashlar and other forms of walling. They are also suitable for flooring. Many limeston, es are particularly suited to carved and moulded work. Components such as cills and jambs, soffits and copings, heads and mullions are readily produced to add interest and enrichment to building facades. Performance Limestones generally have good load bearing properties and weathering characteristics although'correct detailing is important, as with all building materials. Limestones mu not be used above Sandstones on exterior elevations. The properties of various types of Limestone vary considerably and advice should be sought on the selection of suitable materials for particular applications.
BS 5390- (,ode ofpractice on Stone Masonry.
BS 8298- Code ofpracticefor the Design and Installation ofnatural Stone Cladding. (non load-bearing).
BS 5385- Part 5- Code ofpracticefor the Design and Installation of Terrazzo tile and Slab, natural stone & composition blockflooring.
BS-6213- British Standard Guide to the selection ofconstructional Sealants
BRE Repoti The Building Limestones ofthe U.K.
BRF Repoti The Building Limestones offrance.
BRE Digest 269, The Selection ofnatural Building Stones.
These materials were originally deposited as soft sediments being laid down as beds under water by a variety of chemical, biological and physical processes. Over millions of years the sediments were buried, compressed and became cemented by precipitation from mineral rich waters contained therein. The resulting rocks are found in beds of various thicknesses that posse natural jointing systems. Generally the majority of limestone's are composed of calcium carbonate. Dolomitic limestones are chemically magnesium carbonate. The fossils and other sedimentary structures which these rocks contain provide a key to the environment under which they were formed. For the stone industry those limestones which have a porosity of less than 5% and take a full polish are termed hard limestones. Examples of these are:- Travertine and Roman Stone. Many stones termed marble are in fact hard limestones. Masoning characteristics, tradition and the fact that these stones take a high polish are reasons why some are called "marbles" when in fact they are hard limestones.
Limestones are used extensively in both new building and restoration where their ease of working facilitates the production of cladding, ashlar and other forms of walling. They are also suitable for flooring. Many limeston, es are particularly suited to carved and moulded work. Components such as cills and jambs, soffits and copings, heads and mullions are readily produced to add interest and enrichment to building facades. Performance Limestones generally have good load bearing properties and weathering characteristics although'correct detailing is important, as with all building materials. Limestones mu not be used above Sandstones on exterior elevations. The properties of various types of Limestone vary considerably and advice should be sought on the selection of suitable materials for particular applications.
BS 5390- (,ode ofpractice on Stone Masonry.
BS 8298- Code ofpracticefor the Design and Installation ofnatural Stone Cladding. (non load-bearing).
BS 5385- Part 5- Code ofpracticefor the Design and Installation of Terrazzo tile and Slab, natural stone & composition blockflooring.
BS-6213- British Standard Guide to the selection ofconstructional Sealants
BRE Repoti The Building Limestones ofthe U.K.
BRF Repoti The Building Limestones offrance.
BRE Digest 269, The Selection ofnatural Building Stones.
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